南京冬季雾多发期边界层结构观测分析          下载免费PDF全文

陆春松  牛生杰  岳平  岳治国  项磊 《大气科学学报》2011,34(1):58-65

2006年冬季在南京北郊盘城利用系留气球探测系统、自动气象站等仪器对雾日和非雾日的边界层进行了监测,对比分析了两者的边界层结构。结果表明,非雾日主要为单层贴地逆温,并时常出现短时的双层结构,雾发展成熟时逆温则脱离地面。与非雾日相比,雾日平均雾顶之上温度日较差增大,雾顶之下则减小。平均风速的时间—高度分布在雾日和非雾日类似,在稳定性边界层中风速随高度出现一个或者两个极大值区。温度和比湿在非雾日没有显著的对应性,而在雾体内具有较好的对应关系,在雾顶升降过程中反相关。较强的逆温、较低的温度和较小的近地层风速是南京冬季成雾的背景条件。  相似文献   

华南区域降温度日和采暖度日的时空变化特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李艳兰  何如  杜尧东  陆虹 《热带地理》2011,31(1):14-20

利用华南区域110个气象站1961-2008年逐日平均气温资料,计算华南区域各地年降温度日和采暖度日,分析降温度日和采暖度日的时空变化特征,探讨度日与年平均气温的关系.结果表明:华南区域年降温度日具有南部大、北部小,河谷平原大、山区小的地域分布特点;年采暖度日则是由南向北增大.1961-2008年华南区域年降温度日呈现...  相似文献   

城市景观公园对城市热岛调控效应分析——以哈尔滨市为例   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

周东颖  张丽娟  张利  范怀欣  刘栋 《地域研究与开发》2011,30(3):73-78

采用哈尔滨市2007年9月30日Landsat TM数据,基于哈尔滨市地表温度反演结果,对城市公园对热岛效应的影响进行了分析。研究结果表明:哈尔滨市主城区热岛效应明显,高温区呈现集中分布,市区内的公园在高温区域内形成明显的热岛空洞;公园对周围区域降温作用明显,降温效应随距离增加呈递减趋势;在公园周围120 m范围内,不同面积的公园对周围环境温度影响存在明显差异,不同缓冲带的降温幅度存在极显著差异;公园面积和内部平均温度呈显著负相关,即公园面积越大,内部平均温度越低,反之亦然,二者存在显著的回归关系,因此可以通过设计不同面积公园,以实现城市高温区降温效应。研究表明一个大的景观公园的降温效应要强于总面积相等的多个小公园的降温效应。  相似文献   

农谚在河南冬小麦种植及气候适应中的应用     

尹君  苏筠 《地域研究与开发》2011,30(4)

农谚是反映人地关系的地方性知识,研究其在农业生产中的应用及适用性,有助于理解人地关系的变迁及地域特点。收集整理河南冬小麦种植的农谚,归纳总结了冬小麦生育期的农谚时序表。进而利用洛阳、开封、信阳1951—2003年的气象观测数据,分析农谚与气候适应的关系。结果显示,随着气候的变化,农谚中的冬小麦适宜播种期比气象实测的适宜播种期略微早。农谚指出冬小麦越冬期怕冬暖,拔节孕穗期间怕春寒及灌浆需晴暖天气,均与实际观测的气象数据相符合。农谚指出了冬小麦缺水及容易出现旱情的生育阶段,并以此进行旱灾适应。  相似文献   

封闭条件下抛石路堤降温效果及机理的试验研究   总被引：22，自引：13，他引：9  

赖远明  张明义  喻文兵  高志华 《冰川冻土》2004,26(5):576-581

在多年冻土地区道路工程的修筑与维护中, 如何保证多年冻土不退化所采取措施的长期可靠度问题日益为人们所关注. 通过室内试验研究了实际工程中半开放半封闭抛石路堤受到风沙或积雪填埋后,在不同温度变幅条件下的降温效果. 实验结果发现: 在满足一定厚度时, 封闭条件下的块石层仍具有良好的降温效果, 具有可变等效导热系数的特性, 在实验中充分体现了"热二极管效应". 在外界温度变幅较大的条件下, 降温速度和降温效率均大于温度变幅较小的情况. 通过对块石层顶底温差与其顶部温度变化关系, 以及块石层内温度场特征的分析, 证实了封闭块石层内自然对流的真实存在和对流的运动发展趋势. 试验结果为抛石路堤降温的长期可靠性提供了依据.  相似文献   

Recent trends in winter temperature extremes in eastern China and their relationship with the Arctic Oscillation and ENSO   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

陈尚锋  陈文  魏科 《大气科学进展》2013,30(6):1712-1724

Interannual variations in the number of winter extreme warm and cold days over eastern China （EC） and their relationship with the Arctic Oscillation （AO） and E1 Nifio-Southern Oscillation （ENSO） were investigated using an updated temperature dataset comprising 542 Chinese stations during the period 1961- 2011. Results showed that the number of winter extreme warm （cold） days across EC experienced a significant increase （decrease） around the mid-1980s, which could be attributed to interdecadal variation of the East Asian Winter Monsoon （EAWM）. Probability distribution functions （PDFs） of winter temperature extremes in different phases of the AO and ENSO were estimated based on Generalized Extreme Value Distribution theory. Correlation analysis and the PDF technique consistently demonstrated that interannual variation of winter extreme cold days in the northern part of EC （NEC） is closely linked to the AO, while it is most strongly related to the ENSO in the southern part （SEC）. However, the number of winter extreme warm days across EC has little correlation with both AO and ENSO. Furthermore, results indicated that, whether before or after the mid-1980s shift, a significant connection existed between winter extreme cold days in NEC and the AO. However, a significant connection between winter extreme cold days in SEC and the ENSO was only found after the mid-1980s shift. These results highlight the different roles of the AO and ENSO in influencing winter temperature extremes in different parts of EC and in different periods, thus providing important clues for improving short-term climate prediction for winter temperature extremes.  相似文献   

Analysis of the Decadal and Interdecadal Variations of the East Asian Winter Monsoon as Simulated by 20 Coupled Models in IPCC AR4     

HE Shengping  WANG Huijun 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2012,26(4):476-488

Using the output data of 20 coupled climate models used in IPCC AR4 and observational data from NCEP, the capability of the models to simulate the boreal winter climatology of the East Asian sea level pressure, 850-hPa wind, and surface air temperature; the decadal variations of the East Asian winter mon- soon (EAWM) intensity and EAWM-related circulation, and the interdecadal variations of EAWM-related circulation are systematically evaluated. The results indicate that 16 models can weakly simulate the declin- ing trend of the EAWM in the 1980s. More than half of the models produce relatively reasonable decadal variations of the EAWM-related circulation and the interdecadal di?erences of EAWM-related circulation between the boreal winters of 1960-1985 and 1986-1998, including the weakened Siberian high, Aleutian low, and East Asian trough, the enhanced Arctic oscillation and North Pacific oscillation, and a deepened polar vortex. It is found that the performance of the multi-selected-model ensemble in reproducing the spatial dis- tribution of the variations is encouraging, although the variational amplitudes are generally smaller than the observations. In addition, it is found that BCCR_BCM2.0, CGCM3.1_T63, CNRM_CM3, CSIRO_MK3.0, GISS-ER, INM_CM3.0, and MRI_CGCM2.3.2 perform well in every aspect  相似文献   

Effects of Drought on Winter Wheat Yield in North China During 2012-2100     

SONG Yanling  ZHAO Yanxia 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2012,26(4):516-528

Winter wheat is one of China's most important staple food crops, and its production is strongly influenced by weather, especially droughts. As a result, the impact of drought on the production of winter wheat is associated with the food security of China. Simulations of future climate for scenarios A2 and A1B provided by GFDL_CM2, MPI_ECHAM5, MRI_CGCM2, NCAR_CCSM3, and UKMO_HADCM3 during 2001- 2100 are used to project the influence of drought on winter wheat yields in North China. Winter wheat yields are simulated using the crop model WOFOST (WOrld FOod STudies). Future changes in temperature and precipitation are analyzed. Temperature is projected to increase by 3.9-5.5℃ ? for scenario A2 and by 2.9-5.1℃ ? for scenario A1B, with fairly large interannual variability. Mean precipitation during the growing season is projected to increase by 16.7 and 8.6 mm (10 yr)-1, with spring precipitation increasing by 9.3 and 4.8 mm (10 yr)-1 from 2012-2100 for scenarios A2 and A1B, respectively. For the next 10-30 years (2012- 2040), neither the growing season precipitation nor the spring precipitation over North China is projected to increase by either scenario. Assuming constant winter wheat varieties and agricultural practices, the influence of drought induced by short rain on winter wheat yields in North China is simulated using the WOFOST crop model. The drought index is projected to decrease by 9.7% according to scenario A2 and by 10.3% according to scenario A1B during 2012-2100. This indicates that the drought influence on winter wheat yields may be relieved over that period by projected increases in rain and temperature as well as changes in the growth stage of winter wheat. However, drought may be more severe in the near future, as indicated by the results for the next 10-30 years.  相似文献   

A near‐annual palaeohydrological study based on testate amoebae from a sub‐alpine mire: surface wetness and the role of climate during the instrumental period     

Mariusz Lamentowicz  Willem Van Der Knaap  Łukasz Lamentowicz  Jacqueline F. N. Van Leeuwen  Edward A. D. Mitchell  Tomasz Goslar  Christian Kamenik 《第四纪科学杂志》2010,25(2):190-202

We present the first testate amoeba‐based palaeohydrological reconstruction from the Swiss Alps, and the first depth to the water table (DWT) calibration dataset for this region. Compared to existing models, our new calibration dataset performs well (RMSEP = 4.88), despite the length of the water table gradient covered (53 cm). The present‐day topography and vegetation of the study mire Mauntschas suggest that it is partly ombrotrophic (large Sphagnum fuscum hummocks, one of which was the coring site) but mostly under the minerotrophic influence of springs in the mire and runoff from the surrounding area. Ombrotrophic Sphagnum fuscum hummocks developed at the sampling site only during the last 50 years, when testate amoebae indicate a shift towards dry and/or acid conditions. Prior to AD 1950 the water table was much higher, suggesting that the influence of the mineral‐rich water prevented the development of ombrotrophic hummocks. The reconstructed DWT correlated with Pinus cembra pollen accumulation rates, suggesting that testate amoebae living on the mire and P. cembra growing outside of it partly respond to the same factor(s). Finally, temperature trends from the nearby meteorological station paralleled trends in reconstructed DWT. However, contrary to other studies made on raised bogs of northwestern Europe, the highest correlation was observed for winter temperature, despite the fact that testate amoebae would more logically respond to moisture conditions during the growing season. The observed correlation with winter temperature might reflect a control of winter severity on surface moisture during at least the first part of the growing season, through snow melt and soil frost phenomena influencing run‐off. More ecohydrological work on sub‐alpine mires is needed to understand the relationships between climate, testate amoebae and peatland development. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

The effect of Newtonian cooling on vertically propagating magneto-acoustic waves in a thermally conducting isothermal atmosphere (II)     

Hadi Alkahby 《地球物理与天体物理流体动力学》2013,107(4):335-346

In this article, we examine reflection, dissipation and attenuation of vertically propagating waves in an isothermal atmosphere under the combined effect of Newtonian cooling, thermal conduction and viscosity with a weak horizontal magnetic field. We consider the case in which the combined effect of viscosity and magnetic field is dominated by that of the thermal conduction and for small values of the Newtonian parameter. As a result, the atmosphere can be divided into three distinct regions that are connected by two transition regions. The lower and middle regions are connected by a semi-transparent barrier and the middle and upper regions are connected by an absorbing and reflecting barrier. In the connecting barriers the reflection and transmission of the waves takes place. The presence of Newtonian cooling effects on the adiabatic region, produces attenuation in the amplitudes of the waves and reduces the energy absorption in the transition regions. The reflection coefficient is determined in the lower and middle regions and the results are discussed in the context of the heating of the solar atmosphere.  相似文献